Worster, Donald. Nature's economy: A history of Ecological ideas cambridge University press1994
Jameson, Frederic. "Cognitive Mapping" in Marxism and the interpretation culture edited by cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg university of Illinois Press 1988
Aesthetics and Politics edited by Ronald Taylor including Ernest Bloch and Georg Lukacs
Thursday, November 17, 2011
when our eyes no longer see
When Our Eyes No Longer See: Realism, science, and Ecology in Japanese Literary Modernism Gregory Golley 2008 Harvard University Press
some books:
Peter Galison Einstein's clocks, Poincare's Maps: Empires of Time 2003 New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2003
Image & Logic: A Material Culture of Microphsics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1997
some books:
Peter Galison Einstein's clocks, Poincare's Maps: Empires of Time 2003 New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2003
Image & Logic: A Material Culture of Microphsics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1997
list of world literature
意）艾柯《玫瑰的名字》（《玫瑰之名》）
（法）波伏娃《女宾》（《女客》）
（法）杜拉斯《情人》
（法） 加谬《鼠疫》
（英）多丽丝·莱辛《金色笔记》（《女性的危机》）
（意）卡尔维诺《看不见的城市》（《隐形城市》）
（俄）艾赫马托娃《安魂曲》
（德）聚斯金德《香水》
（美）海明威《永别了，武器》
（新西兰）《曼斯菲尔德小说选》
（美）福克纳《喧哗与骚动》
（哥伦比亚）马尔克斯《百年孤独》
（奥地利）卡夫卡《审判》
（巴西）普依格《蜘蛛女之吻》
（英）奥维尔《1984》
（英）赫胥黎《美丽的新世界》
（日）村上春树《世界尽头与冷酷仙境》
（捷克）米兰·昆德拉《生命中不能承受之轻》（《沉重浮生》）
（英）福尔斯《法国中尉的女人》
（英）伍尔芙《奥兰多》（《美丽佳人奥兰多》）
（瑞士）杜仑马特《法官和他的刽子手》
（美）小库特·冯尼格《猫的摇篮》
（美）约瑟夫·海勒《第二十二条军规》
（英）大卫·洛奇《小世界》
（法）波伏娃《女宾》（《女客》）
（法）杜拉斯《情人》
（法） 加谬《鼠疫》
（英）多丽丝·莱辛《金色笔记》（《女性的危机》）
（意）卡尔维诺《看不见的城市》（《隐形城市》）
（俄）艾赫马托娃《安魂曲》
（德）聚斯金德《香水》
（美）海明威《永别了，武器》
（新西兰）《曼斯菲尔德小说选》
（美）福克纳《喧哗与骚动》
（哥伦比亚）马尔克斯《百年孤独》
（奥地利）卡夫卡《审判》
（巴西）普依格《蜘蛛女之吻》
（英）奥维尔《1984》
（英）赫胥黎《美丽的新世界》
（日）村上春树《世界尽头与冷酷仙境》
（捷克）米兰·昆德拉《生命中不能承受之轻》（《沉重浮生》）
（英）福尔斯《法国中尉的女人》
（英）伍尔芙《奥兰多》（《美丽佳人奥兰多》）
（瑞士）杜仑马特《法官和他的刽子手》
（美）小库特·冯尼格《猫的摇篮》
（美）约瑟夫·海勒《第二十二条军规》
（英）大卫·洛奇《小世界》
Wednesday, November 16, 2011
The long Twentieth century: Money, power, and the origins of our time
Giovanni Arrighi London and New York: Verso 1994
P4 More specifically, the starting point of our investigation has been Fernard Braudel's contention that the essential feature of historical capitialism over its longue duree-- that is, over its entire lifetime- has been the "flexibility" and "eclecticism" of capital rather than the concrete forms assumed by the latter at different places and at different times....
p5 It seems to me that these passages can be read as a restatement of Karl Marx's general fomular of captial: MCM'. Money capital (M) means liquidity, flexibility, freedom of choice. Commodity capital (C)means capital invested in a particular input-output combination in view of a profit. Hence, it means concreteness, rigidity, and a narrowing down or closing of options. M' means expanded liquidity, flexibility, and freedom of choice.
...
P6. Marx's general formula of capital (MCM') can therefore be interpreted as depicting not just the logic of individual capitalist investments, but also a recurrent pattern of historical capitalism as world system.The central aspect of this pattern is the alternation of epochs of material expansion (MC phases of capital accumulation) with phases of financial rebirth and expansion (CM'phases).... Together, the two epochs of phases constitute a full systemic cycle of accumulation(MCM').
p6 Four systemic cycles of accumulation will be identified, each characterized by a fundamental unity of the primary agency and structure of world-scale processes of capital accumulation: a Genoese Style, from the fifteenth to the early seventeenth centuries; a Dutch Cycle, from the late sixteenth century through most of the eighteenth century; a British cycle, from the latter half of the eighteenth century through the early twentieth century; and a US cycle, which began in the late nineteenth century and has continued into the current state of financial expansion.
P8 An agency is capitalist in virtue of the fact that its money is endowed with the "power of breading" (Marx's expression) systematically and persistently, regardless of the nature of the particular commodities and activities that are incidentally the medium at any given time. The notion of systemic cycles of accumulation which we have derived from Braudel's historical observation of recurrent financial expansions follows logically from this strictly instrumental relationship of capitalism to the world of trade and production, and emphasizes it. That is to say, financial expansions are taken to be symptomatic of a situation in which the investment of money in the expansion of trade and production no longer serves the purpose of increasing the cash flow to the capitalist stratum as effectively as pure financial deals can. In such a situation, capital invested in trade and production tends to revert to its money form and accumulate more directly, as in Marx's abridged formula MM'.
P4 More specifically, the starting point of our investigation has been Fernard Braudel's contention that the essential feature of historical capitialism over its longue duree-- that is, over its entire lifetime- has been the "flexibility" and "eclecticism" of capital rather than the concrete forms assumed by the latter at different places and at different times....
p5 It seems to me that these passages can be read as a restatement of Karl Marx's general fomular of captial: MCM'. Money capital (M) means liquidity, flexibility, freedom of choice. Commodity capital (C)means capital invested in a particular input-output combination in view of a profit. Hence, it means concreteness, rigidity, and a narrowing down or closing of options. M' means expanded liquidity, flexibility, and freedom of choice.
...
P6. Marx's general formula of capital (MCM') can therefore be interpreted as depicting not just the logic of individual capitalist investments, but also a recurrent pattern of historical capitalism as world system.The central aspect of this pattern is the alternation of epochs of material expansion (MC phases of capital accumulation) with phases of financial rebirth and expansion (CM'phases).... Together, the two epochs of phases constitute a full systemic cycle of accumulation(MCM').
p6 Four systemic cycles of accumulation will be identified, each characterized by a fundamental unity of the primary agency and structure of world-scale processes of capital accumulation: a Genoese Style, from the fifteenth to the early seventeenth centuries; a Dutch Cycle, from the late sixteenth century through most of the eighteenth century; a British cycle, from the latter half of the eighteenth century through the early twentieth century; and a US cycle, which began in the late nineteenth century and has continued into the current state of financial expansion.
P8 An agency is capitalist in virtue of the fact that its money is endowed with the "power of breading" (Marx's expression) systematically and persistently, regardless of the nature of the particular commodities and activities that are incidentally the medium at any given time. The notion of systemic cycles of accumulation which we have derived from Braudel's historical observation of recurrent financial expansions follows logically from this strictly instrumental relationship of capitalism to the world of trade and production, and emphasizes it. That is to say, financial expansions are taken to be symptomatic of a situation in which the investment of money in the expansion of trade and production no longer serves the purpose of increasing the cash flow to the capitalist stratum as effectively as pure financial deals can. In such a situation, capital invested in trade and production tends to revert to its money form and accumulate more directly, as in Marx's abridged formula MM'.
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