Tom Standage, The Victorian Internet Zygmunt Bauman, community Zygmunt Bauman, liquid modernity Anna McCarthy, Ambient TV Timo Kopomaa, The City in your Pocket:the birth of the mobile information society Jaffrey Sconce, Haunted Media: Electronic Presence from Telepathy to Television

from eye to brain: gilles deleuze: refiguring the subject in film theory

patricia pisters dissertation Amsterdam 1998 p29 Clearly, taking the rhizome as an image of the brain is related to new developments in neurobiology. Also in this scientific domain the old tree-like model of the 'homunculus', the idea that the brain is centrally conducted by a "little man" in our head, has been replaced by the understanding of the brain as a complex network in which different areas have different tasks, and in which many connections can be made in probable but never exactly predictable ways. ---see Douglas Hofstader, Godel, Esher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid. New York, Basic books 1979.

taming of chance

The Society for Psychical research founded in London in 1882 p206 "Its members wanted to replace vulgar and popular enthusiasm for mediums by a scientific study; instead of communication from the dead at Seances, they supposed that there was a phenomenon of thought transference between living people. The first project of the society was to conduct a census of examples of telepathy, and then to engage in experiments. An American society for psychical research was founded in Boston in 1884, with the same ends. (Henry james The Bostonians)" C.S. Pierce and J. Jastrow "On Small Differences of Sensation," Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 1884:73-83. Ian Hacking, "Telepathy, Origins of Randomization in Experimental Design," Isis 79(1988):427-51.