控制论和科学方法论 金观涛 华国凡著 谷风出版社 1983年1版 中华民国七十六年台一出版

p96-97   超稳定系统有一个重要特点，就是靠不稳定来维持稳定。⋯⋯ 因为系统本身的变化往往是一种不可抗拒的趋势。实际上要维持系统长期不变是做不到的，唯一的办法是当系统本身变化了，不稳定出现时，重新修复系统。⋯⋯这一超稳定是通过对不稳定的修复来实现的。⋯⋯因此，超稳定系统有种特殊的现象，那就是周期性地出现稳定——不稳定——稳定现象。不稳定时，新的机制发生作用，使系统回到原有地稳定结构，而不是新的稳定结构。－－说明中国封建社会长期停滞地原因。

p115-118  自组织系统   1） 先有一个组织核心 2）是个不稳定系统，或亚稳定系统
3）系统内部存在一条有因果关系的自动选择链 4）过程不可逆 5）核心细小差别可导致组织巨大差别
（国家组织取决于领导核心班子）

Coming to terms with chance : engaging rational discrimination and cumulative disadvantage Author: Oscar H Gandy Jr

other articles  by  Gandy     "Data Mining and Surveillance in the post -9/11 Environment"

Uncreative Writing Kenneth Goldsmith

P.25 (n)ever before has language had so much materiality--- fluidity, plasticity, malleability-- begging to be actively managed by the writer. Before digital language, words were almost always found imprisoned on a page. How different today when digitized language can be poured into any conceivable container: text typed into a Microsoft Word document can be parsed into a database, visually morphed in Photoshop, animated in Flash, pumped into online text-mangling engines, spammed to thousands of e-mail addresses, and imported into a sound editing program and spit out as music. The possibilities are endless.

Excommunication: Three Inquiries in Media and Mediation (Alexander Galloway, Eugene Thacker, McKenzie Wark)

P. 80  excommunication is a double movement in which the communicational imperative is expressed, and expressed as the impossibility of communication.

p. 84-85 about Georges Méliès     "the machine that shows us more truth than we are prepared to see, the magic that calls up forces beyond human comprehension, or the everyday apprehension of an invisible nexus of causality, behind the veil of what can be seen and heard and felt. Méliès's 'horror' films are not only pedagogical moments of mediation, but they also point to the shadowy absence at the core of all mediation. In any given moment of mediation, there is always a minimal separation, a differential, a gap, lacuna, or fissure… a blind spot. "
"The fantastical element of Méliès's films is to be able to see what media and mediation usually don't make visible --- that is why Méliès's films are about film, and more broadly, about technological mediation. But it is, of course, only through the medium and its 'special effects' that one can gain a glimpse of what is not mediated."

p. 89 The pioneers of modern cybernetics and information theory.. presume some minimum ground of mediation as the basis for any possible communication. In the Shannon diagram, a starting presupposition is the interplay of identity and difference…. The individuation of "point A" is dependent on its separation from a "point B" with which it is communicating, and in fact the possibly of connecting points A and B relies on this notion of a prior separation--- the conditions of connection relying on a prior state of disconnection.

p.95  (after discussing J-horror)   Media shift from the connection of two points in a single reality, to an enigmatic and ambivalent connection with an unnamed "beyond."

p. 102   In the horror genre, what we witness is an evocative concept of the supernatural as itself mediated, often through objects that are at once overly familiar and highly technical, objects are everyday and opaque at the same time.

p115  for every object there is an inaccessible more-than-object.

object vs thing
p. 119  If objects are always objects for a subject, then things are like impossible objects, occult objects, or better, apophatic objects --- objects abosolutely withdrawn, leaving only a strange, fecund emptiness,  an inaccessibility that knows no limits.

p.131 with haunted media, the "divine object" establishes a connection between two different ontological orders (natural-supernatural, earthly-divine, life- afterlife). This is quite different in principle from the modern view of mediation given by cybernetics and information theory. There one has a mediation between two points within a single, shared, consensual reality.


Erik Davis    TechGnosis: Myth, Magic and Mysticism in the Age of Information ()1998

Tom Gunning    "To Scan a Ghost: An Ontology of Mediated Vision," Grey Room 26 (2007)

Joe Milutis     Ether: The nothing that connects everything

Siegfried Zieklinsk     Deep Time of he Media: Toward an Archaeology of Seeing and Hearing by Technical Means

Extreme Asia: the rise of cult cinema from the far east (Daniel Martin) 2015

cites others: "genres are not defined by a feature that makes all films of a certain type fundamentally similar; rather, they are produced by the discourses through which film are understood." p11-12

as the Asia Extreme case studies demonstrate, a film can have the label 'cult' thrust upon it purely as a result of carefully planned marketing campaigns and skillfully judged interactions between the distribution company and the mainstream press.  p.13


Mark Jancovich, "Cult Fictions: Cult Movies, Subcultural capital and the production of cultural distinctions," cultural studies, 16:2 (2002)
                            "Genre and the audience: Genre classifications and cultural distinctions in the mediation of The Silence of the Lamb," in Horror: The film Reader (Routledge, 2002)

bodies in code (Mark Hansen)

p21 "originary technical basis of embodied experience"


the reimagining  of VR as a mixed reality differs from earlier concept of virtual reality
1) representionism vs  perceptuomotor activity
   
p.4 representationist fantasy
     such a break (with natural perception) "grants cinema the capacity to present the world from a nonhuman perspective and thus opens a properly autonomous machinism; by contrast, the functional homology linking virtual reality technologies with natural perception supports a prosthetics that functions to expand the scope of natural perception, to tap the technics at its core. "
p5 "Bluntly put, the new mixed reality paradigm foregrounds the constitutive or ontological role of the body in giving birth to the world."

P. 21 this is largely responsible for the promise of the digital, understood not as some autonomous moment in the history of technology, but rather, first and foremost, as a stage in the ongoing technogenesis of the human.

2） ocular-centered vs tactile

Media Technologies: Essays on communication, materiality and society

Fred Turner's summary of several essays

people understand digital culture in terms of bits      (manovich, henry Jenkins, lawrence Lessig   bits can be copied infinitely without loss to the original )

The Relevance of Algorithms    Tarleton Gillespie
Gillespie points out that scholars, pundits, and everyday users tend to take a certain pleasure in the fact that algorithms act on their own, as pieces of science and technology, ad so seem to stand outside and even beyond ordinary politics.
In the digital era, .. it involves interrogating algorithms--- first by denying that they are apolitical, and second, by seeking out the ideals they encode and the communities that benefit from those ideals.

Making Media Work          Greg Downey
But Downey reminds us, these new regimes of production have been built and continue to function on the back of an industrial infrastructure --- an infrastructure that continues to depend on and replicate the class hierarchies of the industrial era.
In short, Downey reminds us that despite two decades of claims to the contrary, information technology does not free us from the politics of labor as we knew them in the 19th century. They shift them, reconfigure them a bit, but they hardly do away with class, with the overworking of some bodies for the profit of others, and with the fact that factories, social or mechanical, never run without workers.

(Downey    closed captioning: subtitling, stenography, and the digital convergence of text with television, 2008       Telegraph Messenger Boys: labor, technology, and geography, 1850-1950)


Repairing Repair    Steven J. Jackson
Jackson advocates that we adopt what he calls "broken world thinking."