Cinema Futures: Cain, Abel or Cable? The screen arts in the digital age edited by Thomas Elsaesser and Kay Hoffmann (Amsterdam University Press, 1998)

Louis Lumiere-- the cinema's First Virtualist? Thomas Elsaesser  45-61

whether there were some deeper-- cultural, ideological, technological- - reasons for its emergence, or what was it that the so-called inventors thought they were inventing and was the cinema what the world had been expecting?